The Carthaginian army would surrender their weapons and all Roman deserters immediately. In the end in 237 bc Hamilcar won the war and in spite of his promises he had the leaders of the rebels crucified. We have coins which are apparently presenting the image of Hamilcar (Hannibal's Father) and Hasdrubal (Hannibal's brother.) He supplemented his original force of some 25,000 with local recruits and amassed a 50,000-strong army which included a corps of Numidian cavalry (supplied by Prince Naravas) and 100 elephants. Accordingly, Hamilcar Barca was dispatched in 237 BCE to expand Carthaginian territory, which he did, establishing his base at Gades (Cadiz) and founding a new city of Acra Leuce. Epist. Hamilcar Barca is listed in the tavern under Others and costs 17,000,000 gold. While Hamilcar won no large-scale battle or recaptured any cities lost to the Romans, he waged a relentless campaign against the enemy, and caused a constant drain on Roman resources. Long-time rivals Hamilcar and Hanno could not agree on the best strategy and eventually the army was permitted to choose which general should lead them. [29] Hamilcar continued his activities unhindered from his position for another two years, being supplied by road from Drepana,[32] although Carthaginian ships had been withdrawn from Sicily by this time and no naval raids were launched. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. His second was to implement his strategy for preparing Carthage for any future conflict with Rome,[82] or enable Carthage to defend itself against any aggression.[83]. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Of the eight coins, only five coins are not recognized by European archeologists and historians. Spendius and Matho were joined by a force commanded by a Libyan chief named Zarzas, and the 50,000 strong army under Spendius moved away from Carthage. [58] Hamilcar unleashed his trap as the disorderly rebels closed on his formation. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The last condition is mentioned by Polybius in place of the one regarding not making war on Syracuse. Hamilcar's army either crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia from West Africa[88] or, having returned to Carthage after the African activities, sailed along the African coast to Gades. Jul 9, 2012. The cavalry and light infantry were in the middle, while the heavy infantry was posted furthest from the rebel army.[61]. These "Fabian tactics" continued until Hamilcar encamped in a valley, probably near Nepheris, and the rebels trapped his army, with the Libyans blocking the exit, Spendius and his troops camping near the Punic army and the Numidians covering Hamilcar's rear. Newest results. Sicily had been the principal battleground but had yet to see a decisive victory for either side. Hamilcar then returned to Africa, where his mercenary troops, long unpaid, revolted in what is known as the Mercenaries War (or Truceless War). The Carthaginian government then raised an army of 10,000 soldiers and 70 elephants and put Hamilcar Barca in command. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Had Hamilcar suffered a decisive defeat, casualties and prisoners would have diminished their numbers and Carthage would have had an excuse not to pay anything. The Iberian army fled before the battle was joined. Suggesting that the old coin depicts Hannibal simply because the back depicts and elephant seems like wishful thinking. ; Carthaginian general; commanded Carthage's forces in Sicily (247-241) during the First Punic War against Rome; traveled to Spain (237) to rebuild Carthaginian influences there; drowned during the withdrawal from the siege of Helice in 229) The war was now becoming particularly brutal with atrocities committed on both sides. Several office buildings, overlooking the harbor waters. . This turned out to further restrict his freedom of movement, but the Carthaginian commander continued to coordinate attacks on the Italian mainland, perhaps as north as Cumae. The rebels mutilated prisoners, and Hamilcar had his captives trampled on by elephants. [59] The modern historian Dexter Hoyos stresses that "[s]uch manoeuvres were about the simplest that any army could learn, once it mastered the absolute basics of marching in formation". This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hamilcar-Barca. Hamilcar was in a secure enough position in Iberia to send Hasdrubal the Fair with an army to Africa to quell a Numidian rebellion in 236 BC. [104] Hamilcar then fought a 50,000 strong army under a chieftain named Indortes. Carthage at this time was feeling the strain of the prolonged conflict. In an effort to reestablish their position, they decided to make a scapegoat of Hamilcar Barca. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. With a reduced army and fleet, Hamilcar commenced his operations. However, as the rebels had no navy, Carthage could draw supplies from the sea and so did not face the threat of starvation. Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). [55] Hamilcar observed that wind blowing from a certain direction uncovered a sandbar at the river mouth that was fordable and, under cover of night, the Punic army left Carthage and crossed the river. Web. World History Encyclopedia. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. He is of average height for a gladiator, has tawny skin, and well-trimmed black hair with a small beard. Apr 3, 2011. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. He defeated Rome 's allies at the Battle of Thermae in 259 BC and killed 4,000-6,000 of them with the help of surprise and good use of military intelligence. [90] Several modern historians have interpreted this as Hannibal swearing to be a lifelong enemy of Rome bent on revenge,[91][92][93][94] while others hold that this interpretation is a distortion.[95][96][97]. Envoys were sent to Hamilcar demanding an explanation. Mago and Hasdrubal were his younger brothers. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Hamilcar Barca gathered the Carthaginian soldiers from Drepana and Eryx at Lilybaeum, surrendered his command,[48] returned to Carthage and retired to private life, leaving Gisco and the Carthaginian government to pay off his soldiers. Thank you! His son was Hannibal, famous for his exploits during the Second Punic War. Through brilliant maneuvering, Hamilcar inflicted a heavy defeat on the rebel forces, leading to the killing of 8,000 mercenaries and the capturing of 2,000 men. Still, without a significant force at his disposal (fewer than 20,000 men) and despite Polybius' praise that he was the best Carthaginian general of the war, Hamilcar's effect on the conflict was ultimately a limited one. Carthaginian leadership requested terms to the victorious Roman commander, Gaius Lutatius Catulus and authorised Hamilcar Barca to open negotiations, probably to avoid the responsibility of the defeat. Coin minted at Carthagena C.230 BC, showing the bearded head of Melqart, generally regarded as a portrait of Hamilcar Barca. But who reads Polybius (1.65-83) can see how he came to this act. The Carthaginian's, in any case, continued campaigning in Spain. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. General who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264-241 BC). Discover Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General by Charles River Editors and millions of other books available at Barnes & Noble. Mathos could not, though, resist a joint army of Hamilcar and Hanno, and he was driven out of the city and defeated at Byzacium. [18] With a small force and no money to hire new troops, Hamilcar's strategic goal probably was to maintain a stalemate, as he had neither the resources to win the war nor the authority to peacefully settle it. [117], In eight years, Hamilcar had secured an extensive territory in Hispania by force of arms and diplomacy, but his premature death in battle (228 BC) denied Carthage a complete conquest. Greek piracy had forced Carthage to team up with the Etruscans to drive the Greeks from Corsica, and destroy the colony at Mainke in Iberia. [62] Hamilcar occupied the bridge, then established control over the surrounding region. [57] As the two rebel forces came into clear sight the Carthaginians wheeled, and marched away. There are several versions to what happened next: Orissus offered to aid Hamilcar, then attacked the Punic army, and Hamilcar drowned during a retreat across the Jucar river;[114] the Oretani sent ox-driven carts to the Carthaginian position, then set them on fire and Hamilcar died in the resulting melee;[115] Hamilcar accepted an offer to parley, then led the enemy in one direction while Hannibal and Hasdrubal Barca fled in the opposite direction. Byk komutan Hannibal'n babas. He is responsible for designing and . Hamilcar probably landed at Gades in the summer of 237 BC. ". He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. [8] The Romans had occupied most of Sicily by 249 BC and they besieged the last two Carthaginian strongholds in the extreme west. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. When his troops rushed towards the retreating Carthaginians, Spendius was either unable to control them or believed that the Carthaginians were fleeing and encouraged his forces' pursuit. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. [6] The Romans rebuilt their fleet after losing 364 ships in a storm in 255 BC, added 220 new ships, and captured Panormus (modern Palermo) in 254 BC;[7] however, 150 ships were lost in another storm in 253 BC. Since the coin was found near Lake Trasimene where Hannibal defeated the Romans, this fact offers good confirmation that coins image resembled Hannibals real ethnic appearance because one of way of celebrating a victory in ancient warfare was to have a coin minted in your honor and showing yourself as your enemys deity. In 237 BCE Hamilcar had famously taken his son, then nine years old, to the temple of Baal in Carthage and made him swear never to be a friend of Rome. It was probably some distance from Carthage because, while Hamilcar blockaded the valley exits and waited for the rebels to starve, Matho's army at Tunis did not intervene although the trapped rebels held out awaiting his arrival. By winter of 240 BC, the situation had improved for Carthage. Hamilcar's victory opened communication with Utica, and gave Hamilcar the chance to bring nearby towns under Carthaginian control by force or negotiations. Hasdrubal defeated the rebels, killing 8,000 and taking 2,000 prisoners before returning to Iberia. Hamlicar bristled at the terms of the treaty, which obligated Carthage to pay Rome a huge indemnity and to surrender all land in Sicily. Gisco sensibly sent the troops to Carthage in small groups with intervals in between[49] so the government could pay them off without trouble. In 219 B.C., Hannibal led a . Hamilcar defeated the confederates, killed the leaders and several of their soldiers, while he released a number of prisoners and incorporated 3,000 of the enemy into his army. Hamilcar Barca was recalled from Sicily and he joined Hanno the Great, who had made significant conquests in Libya while Hamilcar had been in Sicily, to quash the rebellion. Hamilcar had split his forces in the winter of 228 BC, Hasdrubal the Fair was sent on a separate campaign, while Hamilcar besieged an Iberian town, then sent the bulk of his troops to winter quarters at Akra Leuke. Hannibal, (born 247 bce, North Africadied c. 183-181 bce, Libyssa, Bithynia [near Gebze, Turkey]), Carthaginian general, one of the great military leaders of antiquity, who commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War (218-201 bce) and who continued to oppose Rome and its satellites until his death. Because Carthaginians kept no written chronicles of Hannibals life, historical knowledge of Hannibal was based upon Carthaginian oral traditions and entirely on Roman written records. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. This coin is the best representation of Hannibal. [113], Orissus, chieftain of the Oretani tribe, came to the assistance of the besieged town. Sicily. To forestall any such event, rebels committed an act of cruelty unpardonable by Carthage. Although the Carthaginians were a mixed population, the Carthaginian military was dominated by Numidians, which was a mixture of a black Africans, Nubians, and Berber extract that lived among the Carthaginians and who were prevalent in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and elsewhere throughout North Africa. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. Corn Fleuron T083009-22.png 1,086 649; 65 KB. The Carthaginians will evacuate all Sicily. The expelled mercenaries took refuge in Italy and again requested Rome to take over Sardinia. He distinguished himself during the First Punic War in 247, when he took over the chief command in Sicily, which at . The success of Hamilcar and his family in Spain, which rebuilt Carthaginian finances and created a standing army, giving Carthage the means to resist Rome. [9] The situation changed when the surprise attack on the Carthaginian fleet met defeat at the Battle of Drepana[10] and the following Carthaginian victory at the Battle of Phintias; the Romans were all but swept from the sea. Barca was perhaps a family name, though more probably an epithet meaning lightning.. Hamilcar had at least three daughters and at least three sons. Hamilcar's faction gained enough clout, if not supreme power in Carthage, for Hamilcar to implement his next agenda. According . Deprived of leadership, and unaware of the pact, the mercenaries suspected treachery; the Libyans were the first to attack Hamilcar's positions. 50 Carthaginian ships were sunk, 70 captured and 10,000 prisoners taken. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. In these conflicts, Hamilcar had switched Carthage from a naval power to a land power with great success, and he firmly established the Barcid family as the ruling house of Carthage. The name Hamilcar (PunicPhoenician mlqrt, brother of Melqart) was a common name for Carth In 239 BCE a mercenary force took control of Sardinia and then defeated a Carthaginian army sent to re-take the island. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. He fought a series of successful battles until he reached (but did not destroy) the city of Rome. [59], It is not exactly known how Hamilcar managed to outwit the rebels. One of coins found in Italy, near the battle site of Lake Trasimene where Hannibals Carthaginian Army defeated the Romans, shows an African man on one side with the characteristic strong African features such as curly hair, thick lips, and full nose; on the coins opposite side shows an elephant. Hamilcar raised an army of 10,000 with Romes cooperation and battled the rebels for four years before recapturing his provinces in north Africa. When this was done in an ancient-history classroom at the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. William C. McDermott responded: "Yes, Hannibal was as black as King David." The great Carthaginian was. Seizing upon Carthages weakness, Rome took the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, and, when an enraged Hamilcar moved to respond, Rome increased the amount of the Carthaginian indemnity. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. Some of the surviving rebels fled towards Utica; others, after being driven from their camp near the bridge, fled to Tunis. Boston Harbor. Cartwright, Mark. The rebel army was starved of supplies and eventually sought to surrender. Hey, this is another piece I wrote, this time a mini biography. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. [122] By the power of his personal influence among the mercenaries and the surrounding African peoples, superior strategy and some luck, as well as cooperation, if unenthusiastic, from Hanno the Great, Hamilcar crushed the revolt by 237 BC amid a war marked with cruel atrocities from both sides.[123]. Certainly, tribute in money, if not men, was extracted from local cities and new silver mines were worked. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. The Carthaginians destroyed the rebel army, after which the Libyan towns submitted to Carthage. Buy History Of Ancient Carthage - Hamilcar Barca - Punic War Tank Top: Shop top fashion brands Tanks & Camis at Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY and Returns possible on eligible purchases Amazon.com: History Of Ancient Carthage - Hamilcar Barca - Punic War Tank Top : Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry Hamilcar next moved to confront the army of Matho at Tunis. When Utica and Hippo Acra held out, Hanno and Hamilcar besieged them, eventually receiving their surrender on terms. 18 Jan 2023. #1. When the Mercenary War burst out in 239BC, Hamilcar was recalled to command and was instrumental in concluding that conflict successfully. Hamilcar had managed to persuade the Numidian prince Naravas to defect with his cavalry force to the Carthaginian side, lured by the promise of Hamilcar's daughter for his wife. Department of History 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie & John Glenn Avenue Columbus, OH 43210. Some of Hamilcars anger at Rome was transferred to his son Hannibal, whoaccording to Polybius and Livyswore eternal enmity against Rome. 'Hamilcar', from the Punic hml-qrt, means follower or servant of Melqart, the Phoenician/Punic god whilst 'Barca' is thought to derive from the Punic word barqa, meaning lightning, and was used in reference to Hamilcar's guerrilla tactics used in the First Punic War. Hamilcar Barca Conquers Iberia Hamilcar Barca had received much of the blame for causing the Truceless War, owing to the unrealistic promises he made to his troops while leading Carthaginian forces in Sicily. Hamirukaru Barukasu) (also: Hamical Balcus, Hamilcar Valkus) known as Barcas 'The Elder' (, Barukasu ), he is one of the main antagonists of Guyver: Bioboosted Armour and the co-founder of Chronos, the third eldest member of theCouncil of Twelve, as well as Chronos's most brilliant scientist. [51] The rebels divided their forces: detachments were sent to besiege Utica and Hippo, while others cut Carthage off from the mainland, probably in the winter of 241 BC or spring of 240 BC. America's Black dilemma [Barca, Hamilcar] on Amazon.com. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (Punic: c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. The following 13 files are in this category, out of 13 total. Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 198. Hamilcar had been undefeated and was forced to make peace. General Hannibal Barca was a Black African, The Babylonian Captivity: The Influence of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the Jewish Exiles, The Domestic Roots of Ancient Alchemy: Womens Work and their Role in the Science of Alchemy, The Legend of Dido: How the Myth of Carthages Legendary Queen Evolved, The First Paper: The Papyrus of Ancient Egypt. People disenfranchised by the ruin of the navy and disruption of trade might have thrown in their lot with this group[76] and eventually Hasdrubal the Fair emerged as the leader. Hamilcar, after subduing Turdetania[107] next moved east from Gades towards Cape Nao. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Moored in the water, we can see a large . [36] The better-trained Roman fleet[37] defeated a hastily raised, undermanned and ill-trained Punic fleet at battle of the Aegates Islands in 241 BC, cutting Sicily off from Carthage. Rome forbade Italian traders to trade with rebels and encouraged trade with Carthage, freed Punic prisoners without ransom, and allowed Carthage to recruit mercenaries from Roman territories and flatly refused the invitation from Utica, Hippo and Sardinia to occupy these areas. Hamilcar was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 BC, when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. Then the so-called Truceless War (also Mercenary War) broke out in 241 BCE. However, Hamilcar Barca was a member of the Barcid clan of Carthage and the father of Hannibal Barca, Rome's most notorious enemy, who crossed the Alps and caused havoc in Italy in the Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE). Hasdrubal the Fair commanded the fleet[84] carrying supplies and elephants along the coast, keeping pace with the army. Hamilcar now had an army of 12,000 and 70 elephants with which to face the rebels. A History of Hamilcar: Akre Leuca, Dream City of Hamilcar Barca- Part II. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (Punic: , omilqart Baraq; c.275228BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. When his army marched toward the city of Rome, he was unable to conquer the city because his army lacked the siege equipment and reinforcement necessary to take it. [53] Hanno posted his army near Hippo Acra, where Matho's army was besieging the town. Massalia had become friendly with Rome over the years, if not an outright ally by 237 BC, and this connection would become a significant factor in the power politics of the region. Without a significant fleet and having lost their strategically important fortresses in Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia, the Carthaginians, though, had to look elsewhere for a source of money to fund their armies. Rome, which had dealt with Carthage with all due honor and courtesy during the crisis, going as far as to release all Punic prisoners without ransom and refuse to accept offers from Utica and Rebels mercenaries based in Sardinia to incorporate these territories into the Roman domain, seized Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay 1,200 talents for her initial refusal to renounce her claim over the islands. [35] Hamilcar had to promise considerable rewards to keep the morale of his army up, which was to produce near fatal problems for Carthage later on. 2 Although before his arrival the Carthaginians were faring badly by land, and sea, wherever he was present in person he never yielded . The answer was Spain. The Roman Republic was nearly bankrupt and had to borrow money from wealthy citizens to fund the construction of a fleet of 200 quinqueremes, which blockaded Carthaginian positions in Sicily in 242 BC by seizing the harbour of Drepana and anchorages at Lilybaeum, while Roman soldiers built siege works around Drepanum. The Turdetani surrendered. 275-228 BC. By 490 BC, Massalia had managed to defeat Carthage twice, and a boundary along Cape Nao in Iberia was agreed upon,[102] while Carthage had closed the Straits of Gibraltar to foreign shipping. Foi pai de Anbal, Asdrbal, Adonibal e Mago, [2] bem como o construtor dos famosos jardins de Amlcar, que se encontravam em Mgara, na periferia de Cartago.. Comandou as foras de Cartago na ltima parte da primeira guerra pnica e foi o . At this point, the Carthaginian senate reinstated Hanno and forced Hamilcar to share command. Hannibal Barca was a renowned general and statesman. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Hamilcar Barca ( c. 270 -228 BC) served as a Carthaginian general during and after the First Punic War. Spendius rallied his forces, was reinforced by a detachment largely made of Gauls under Autaritus and shadowed Hamilcar as he advanced south east, keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry and harassing their enemy at every possible opportunity. Hamilcar Barca (c. 275-228 BC), the great Carthaginian general and father of the famous Hannibal and his brothers Hasdrubal and Mago, was from North Africa, perhaps born in Cyrene in Libya, according to some scholars. This army was small for leading a sortie against the stronger rebel forces, especially to lead into a pitched battle. In various forms, the name . One historian commented that had he not been the father of Hannibal, Hamilcar's Sicilian front might have received scant notice. According to Polybius and Livy, Hannibal's father Hamilcar Barca made the 9-year-old Hannibal dip his hand in blood and swear an oath of hatred against Rome. He was the son of Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca (Barca meaning "thunderbolt"). Furthermore, Hamilcar allied with Hasdrubal the Fair,[80] his future son in law, to restrict the power of the aristocracy, which was led by Hanno the Great,[81] as well as gain immunity from prosecution. Hamilcar & the Barcid line would dominate the Carthaginian political & military arenas for the next 35 years. Discussion Starter. See also Hamilcar Barca on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica disclaimer . [118] Despite the similarities between the name of the Barcid family and that of the modern city, it is usually accepted that the origin of the name "Barcelona" is the Iberian Barkeno.[119]. Cartwright, Mark. Eryx (Monte San Giuliano),[30] from which he was able to lend support to the besieged garrison in the neighbouring town of Drepanum (Trapani). Hamilcar and the Barcid line would now dominate the Carthaginian political and military arenas for the next 35 years. The difference was that Fabius commanded a numerically superior army to his opponent, had no supply problems, and had room to manoeuvre, while Hamilcar was mostly static, had a far smaller army than the Romans and was dependent on seaborne supplies from Carthage. Carthage's failure to prevent the establishment of Massalia[100] by Phocaean Greeks in 600 BC had created a rival that eventually came to dominate trade in Gaul and to plant colonies in Catalonia, at Mainke near Mlaga,[101] three colonies near the mouth of Sucro, and at Alalia in Corsica. Iussit hortos claros Hamilcaris fieri qui stabant " Megarae, suburbio Carthaginis". Autaritus spread the rumor that Carthaginian prisoners led by Gisco were plotting to escape. Hamilcar is a gladiator who fights for the ludus of Batiatus. However, the rebels regrouped, and observing lax discipline among the Punic troops, launched a surprise sortie and routed the Punic army while Hanno was absent,[52] driving the survivors to Utica and capturing all the baggage. His first daughter was married to Bomilcar, who was a suffete of Carthage and may have commanded the Punic fleet in the Second Punic war. Their choice to minimize the Sicilian operations while Hamilcar was in command, reduce the navy and support Hanno the Great's conquests in Africa, all of which were causes for the ultimate defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. But now the 20,000 man army had to be paid their full due. (Barca meaning Thunderbolt) Who was Hannibal's father? Hamilcar simply replied that he was fighting to gather enough booty to pay off the war indemnity. Hamilcar Barca. [54], The rebels held the hills to the west of Carthage and the only bridge across the Bagradas river leading to Utica. Four years of constant campaigns, details of which are not known, saw Hamilcar subdue the area between Gades and Cape Nao. It is also possible that he had hoped to establish a future war chest with Spanish silver. Its reign began with Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275-228 BC), who was the Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. barak "lightning"), Carthaginian general and statesman, father of Hannibal, was born soon after 270 B.C. ), pater Hannibalis, fuit vir publicus, dux Punicus, et conditor Barcidarum generis. This act would have an incredibly psychological impact on the surrounding Roman population in those days. Heavy infantry formed the rearguard, and the whole army marched in a single file in battle formation. The town, called Helike, is commonly identified with Elche, but given that it is situated close to Hamilcar's base at Akra Leuke from which he could readily draw reinforcement, it cannot be the place where the following events unfolded. J.-C. avant de retourner l'tranger, o il russit tendre les intrts carthaginois dans le sud de l'Espagne. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Themes. The coins do not resemble each other. By the winter of 238 BC, the Mercenary revolt was over. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. [65] Using tactics later made famous by Q. Fabius against Hannibal, Hamilcar's eldest son, the rebels shadowed Hamilcar's army, while moving south, harassing his soldiers and keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry. The Skaven warlord Ikrit accepted, but revealed only a clanrat . Early life Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. Hamilcar Barca, Kartacallarn lideri olan Hamilcar Barca, Roma'ya kar Sicilya adasnda baarl mcadeleler gstermitir. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. Territories During the Second Punic WarJavierfv1212 (CC BY-SA). was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. Livy states Hanno son of Hamilcar in 204 BC left Carthage with 4,000 cavalry and never came back. Little is known about the origins or history of the Barca family prior to the Punic Wars. Hanno and Hamilcar unleashed reprisals against the Numidian tribes that had sided with the rebels,[70] and the generals probably extended Carthaginian territory in Africa at the same time. It is cognate with the Arabic name Barq, Maltese word Berqa, the Assyrian Neo-Aramaic name Barkho, and the Hebrew name Barak and equivalent to the Greek Keraunos, which was borne by many commanders contemporary with Hamilcar and his son Hannibal.[3]. Hamilcar was a common Punic name; in fact, another general of the same name preceded him in command. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. While harassing Roman troops with guerrilla tactics in western Sicily, Hamilcar staged a landing on the north coast, capturing Mount Ercte (probably Pellegrino near Palermo), which he held in the face of determined Roman attempts to dislodge him (247244). If he had lived in the United . [71] Carthage now began to fit out an expedition to recover Sardinia, with Hamilcar commanding Punic forces. Hasdrubal the Fair then took over command of the Carthaginian army. After 15 years of fighting, there was still no end in sight to the Second Punic War. More About Hamilcar: Astrological Sign: Aries: Date of birth: April 6, 1964: Religion . HAMILCAR BARCA, or Barcas (Heb. Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca came to the fore. Hamilcar's other two sons were Hasdrubal Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, both of whom commanded during the Second Punic War. [11] It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet.[12][13]. There was no other city like it. License. Hanno, accustomed to fighting Libyans and Numidians, did not anticipate any further trouble and left his army for Utica. 285-c. 229 B.C.) J.-C.) tait un gnral carthaginois actif lors de la premire guerre punique (264-241 av. The end finally came on 10th March 241 BCE when the Romans defeated a Carthaginian fleet led by Hanno sent to relieve the besieged city of Drepana off the Aegates Islands (Isole Egadi). Having secured control over the mines, and the river routes of Guadalquiver and Guadalete giving access to the mining area, Gades began to mint silver coins from 237 BC. Hamilcar aimed to attack the small rebel band holding the bridge, but Spendius led the rebel force besieging Utica to confront Hamilcar. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. luminat) i no era un nom familiar sin un renom personal, encara que a la seva famlia se la distingeix desprs amb el nom dels Barca o Barcins. She apparently was from Lisbon. Hamilcar's first priority, probably, was to ensure that the war indemnity was paid regularly so the Romans had no excuse to interfere in Carthaginian affairs. The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts fought between Carthage Hannibal (also known as Hannibal Barca, l. 247-183 BCE) was a Carthaginian Carthaginian warfare has been overshadowed by defeat to Rome in Punic Wars by Bagnall, Nigel [Hardcover ], Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Hanno sailed to Utica in the spring of 241 BC, obtained siege equipment from the city and overran the rebel camp, the rebels fleeing before the charging Punic elephants. The soldiers refused to accept Hamilcar as an arbitrator, angered by his refusal to accompany his army from Sicily and retiring to Carthage as soon as the treaty with Rome was formalized, and although Carthage at this point conceded to all their demands, things soon boiled over and started the conflict known as the Mercenary War. [86] Hamilcar's political clout in Carthage may have been enough to stifle any opposition in Carthage against his Iberian venture,[87] or he did face stiff opposition and had used the booty from his Iberian campaigns to buy his way out. Hamilcar felt that Carthage had given up on Sicily too soon in the First Punic War. [79] The influence Hamilcar enjoyed among the people and the opposition party enabled him to avoid standing trial. They had long since had control of the old Phoenician colonies there, and it had already proven a rich source of silver. Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. Whatever direct territorial control Carthage had had in the past in Iberia,[98] this had been mostly lost by this time as Hamilcar was "re-establishing Carthaginian authority in Iberia". He held command (247-41) during the first Punic War and established Carthaginian influence in Spain (237-?228) Carthage sent an expedition to Sardinia under Hanno, but this force killed their officers and joined the rebels. Iberia would also serve as a base for any future conflicts against the Romans which would be independent of political interference from Carthage, and the campaigns would enhance the reputation of Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar Barca, vel Barcas ( Punice , a barak, 'fulgur') (natus 270 a.C.n. Carthage often hauled defeated generals and admirals before the Tribunal of 100 and had them crucified, so Hamilcar probably distanced himself from the possibility of prosecution if the Roman terms turned out to be harsh enough for Carthaginian authorities to seek a scapegoat. After retaking the Seven Words a city situated on the slopes of Gorkoman mountain, Hamilcar was forewarned by Lord-Veritant Vikaeus of an imminent Skaven attack. 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